📊 CVR Calculation

📚 About CVR

The CVR specifically addresses whether an item is essential for the tool. Unlike CVI, which looks at general relevance, CVR focuses on necessity by asking experts to judge each item as essential, useful but not essential, or not necessary. The resulting ratio indicates how many experts agree on the indispensability of an item, guiding decisions about whether to keep or remove it. This makes CVR particularly useful during the development stage, as it ensures that the final tool avoids redundancy and remains focused. Removing items with low CVR values helps create a more concise and meaningful instrument, while maintaining scientific rigor. In this way, CVR improves both the precision and efficiency of the measurement process.

📚 Related references

Books
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

  • Polit, D. F., & Yang, F. (2016). Measurement and the measurement of change : a primer for the health professions. Wolters Kluwer.

  • Waltz, C. F., Strickland, O., & Lenz, E. R. (2010). Measurement in nursing and health research. Springer Publishing Company.

Journal papers
  • Abbaszadeh, R., Ahmadi, F., Khoobi, M., Kazemnejad, A., & Vaismoradi, M. (2025). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Iranian Critical Care Nurses’ Fatigue Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 0(0), JNM-2024-0137.R1. https://doi.org/10.1891/jnm-2024-0137

  • Ansariniaki, M., Lamyian, M., Ahmadi, F., Rahimi Foroushani, A., Curry, C. L., & Barkin, J. L. (2021). Persian version of the Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF): a cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03556-4

  • Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical Values for Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808

  • Saei, M., Giti Ozgoli, Ahmadi, F., Majd, H. A., Aflatounian, A., & Tehrani, F. R. (2023). Adolescents’ polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality of life questionnaire (APQ-20): development and psychometric properties. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(5), 2393–2407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04875-8

  • Safaralinezhad, A., Lamyian, M., Ahmadi, F., Hosseinkhani, Z., & Montazeri, A. (2025). Development and Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Literacy Scale for Women of Reproductive Age: A Mixed Method Study. Health Science Reports, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.71227

  • Shamsikhani, S., Ahmadi, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Vaismoradi, M. (2023). Design and psychometric properties of the family support for older people questionnaire. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068839